. Several other points about this method, especially at lower levels, are worth noting. Religion was taught as a separate subject. It is necessary in order to enable the child to adjust himself to his environment and concentrate on his work. The body together with its consciousness is the soul and consciousness in its experiencing function is the mind. Humanism in education dragged the education from the old traditions, idealism and the high and low tides to the real surface. Humanistic education is an approach to education based on the work of humanistic psychologists, most notably Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, and Rudolf Steiner. Most educators who advocate humanistic education typically intend this approach to mean one or more of three things: Humanistic education teaches a wide variety of skills which are needed to function in today’s world–basic skills such as reading, writing and computation, as well as skills in communicating, thinking, decision-making, problem-solving and knowing oneself. “A system of thought that centers on humans and their values, capacities, and worth.”American Heritage Dictionary. If the passage contained any material of an ethical, theological, or historical nature, it was brought up at this time. The painting, sculpture, and architecture of the Renaissance followed closely the realistic form of ancient pieces. Religious Roots of Humanism 53 3. The closer one came to perfect imitation of classical style, the nearer one approached intellectual perfection. Carl Rogers has been called the "Father of Humanistic Psychology" and devoted much of his efforts toward applying the results of his psychological research to person-centered teaching where empathy, caring about students, and genuineness on the part of the learning facilitator were found to be the key traits of the most effective t… This allows for students to focus on a specific subject of interest for any amount of time they choose, within reason. The Humanist Manifesto goes on to state, “we can discover no divine purpose or providence for the human species. Being conscious is a peculiar quality of the living human body The Humanists state that consciousness is not due to the soul. Experience gave knowledge of particulars which did not become true knowledge until reason had abstracted the essence of such particulars. Consciousness thus is an emergent quality of the physical parts coming together in specific proportions. When this procedure was completed the teacher culminated the lesson by translating the whole passage. . Students were expected to copy the teacher’s  explanation and assigned themes based on the most beautiful passages in the material translated. For example, when yeast is blended with certain juices, they turn into wine. In this section you can find pages for teachers, students, and parents to support education about humanism, whether in religious education, philosophy and ethics, or in other areas of the school curriculum. The Humanism metaphysics speak of the mind which is different from the soul . The atheists put forward excellent rejoinders, like the following: “If the universe requires a maker because it undergoes change, even God needs a maker because he sometimes creates, sometimes destroys.” ” They did not believe in the theory of divine creation of the universe by a supernatural power. Their conclusions corroborated the earlier findings of Carl Rogers's that the more effective teachers were empathic, caring for or prizing their students, and were authentic or genuine in their classroom presence. As a thinking organism his experiences, and his reflections upon those experiences become a part of him determining his likes, dislikes, and the future direction of his learning. What parent does not sometimes wish his or her children would listen more respectfully, choose less impulsively, calm down when overexcited, learn to be assertive without being aggressive, or make better use of their time? He learns as he experiences; as he dose and as he undergoes. To analyse system-integration aspect of social philosophy and education management in interaction with model of «new humanism» in formation of socially valuable orientations. Finally ,the teacher analyzed each word or phrase and pointed out its grammatical and syntactical structure, its beauty, variety, and rhythm in the context of the whole passage. Instead they demanded perfect imitation, on the part of students, of the classical style of the ancients. The elements may alter their nature any time. Humanism is, in sum, a philosophy for those in love with life. Therefore the pursuit of human happiness requires the pursuit of a healthy society so people can live in it, interact with it, and benefit from it. One cannot, therefore say that Nature comprises some eternal laws. The aims, the curriculum, the methods of teaching the outlook towards the child, the teachers, the discipline and the system of education all were given new blood. Ethical and political discussions have overshadowed any metaphysical speculation. A philosophy, world view, or system of beliefs is "humanistic" whenever it shows a primary or overriding concern with the needs and abilities of human beings. Philosophic Forerunners 33 2. II. promote positive self-direction and independence (development of the regulatory system); develop the ability to take responsibility for what is learned (regulatory and affective systems); develop creativity (divergent thinking aspect of cognition); curiosity (exploratory behavior, a function of imbalance or dissonance in any of the systems); and an interest in the arts (primarily to develop the affective/emotional system). The basic principles of humanism — claims and an emphasis on living a fulfilling and ethical life without religion — have been embraced by a wide variety of thinkers in different cultures for thousands of years. Public educating passed out of the educational scene with the collapse of the Roman empire. Of the three important sources of knowledge accepted in common by all the orthodox schools (perception, inference, and verbal testimony), the Humanist accepted only perception as the valid source of knowledge and rejected both inference and verbal testimony. The term is alternatively applied to a variety of Western beliefs, methods, and philosophies that place central emphasis on the human realm. Bringing out change in the real world is impossible. While this is perhaps an overstatement, it is true that the main area of concern for Humanists is the marketplace of daily life. Rather, humanistic education seeks to help students to lean useful skills for living and to deepen their understanding of issues relevant to their academic and social development. Every event is a chance; everything comes into existence and passes out of it according to its own nature. However one cannot generalise on this process and establish a law that, whenever these  elements come together in certain ratio, life and consciousness will emerge. Philosophical commentary on issues of today, Obsession- an unwanted thought viewed as meaningful, important, and dangerous, Mathematics Laboratory and it’s Application in mathematics Teaching, Super- conscious Experience- The How Aspect, The Wardha Scheme of Education –GANDHI JI POINT OF VIEW. Vocational education was school function at all since it was given by the skilled tradesman as on the job training. Nothing but matter is real. I. It seems, then, that for the humanist, the primary aim of the Education  as distinct from the broad notion of education carried on in the home, church, and social institutions, was the cultivation of the intellect of the student, The goal of education should be to foster students’ desire to learn and teach them how to learn. Around 1806 humanismus was used to describe the classical curriculum offered by German schools, and by 1836 “humanism” was borrowed into English in this sense. Humans evolved as social animals, which is the only reason humanity has developed culture and civilization, and now in fact depends on them. Humanism is one theory that has been used in both teaching and learning. No one has ever seen God and no one can see him in future. His experience has some continuity throughout changing events and places and in order to explain this we must recognize that the self is a common factor in all of these experiences. Constantly work on becoming a better person and then share yourself with your students. As described by Gage and Berliner (1991) there are five basic objectives of the humanistic view of education: The role of the teacher is important in successfully educating children. All of these approaches seek to engage the "whole person"[citation needed]: the intellect, feeling life[clarification needed], social capacities, and artistic and practical skills are all important focuses for growth and development. The emphasis here is on internal development and self-regulation. Descrbied this way, Humanism doesn’t seem very controversial. The wide range of activities are offered for students allowing for free choices of interest. Humanism was developed as an educational philosophy by Rousseau (1712-1778) and Pestalozzi, who emphasized nature and the basic goodness of humans, understanding through the senses, and education as a gradual and unhurried process in which the development … The highest (fifth ) level in the course of studies was intended to produce perfect classical style in speaking a writing Latin. The Renaissance scholar contended that man’s most elevated natural faculty was reason. At the next level down the educational ladder the teacher spent more time on etymology, the beauty and forcefulness of Latin style, and the many variations possible in writing and speaking Latin. Humanism in Education, Teachers who hold a more humanistic view of the purpose of education often experience stress because the meaning they assign to education differs greatly from the meaning assigned by society or their institution. 1. Students were to write only the items in their notebooks which the teacher dictated. • Humanism means religious freedom • Humanism is a proper adjustment in life • Humanism as a philosophy asserts that man is the centre and measure of all activities in the world • It means to express feeling about all human happenings • The purpose of humanism is to create interests in all spheres of life 8. There are a variety of ways teachers can implement the humanist view towards education. Humanism is in tune with the science of today. When the body is destroyed, intelligence at once perishes also. If truth is seen as constantly being changed and tested, rather than as a stable body of knowledge, the whole stability of the universe is previous experience, which has been oriented toward finding and cataloging such truths, will go for naught. They accept the reality of whatever we can perceive with our senses and deny the reality of whatever we cannot so perceive. David Aspy and Flora Roebuck performed the largest field study ever done[citation needed], in 42 states and 7 countries, in the 1970s and 80s, funded by the National Institute of Mental Health over a 12-year period, focusing on what led to achievement, creativity, more student thinking and interactivity, less violence, and both teacher and student satisfaction. This means that even in the neutral terms of differential reproductive success, humanity’s future as a species depends on developing and maintaining a healthy and productive culture and civilization. It is true that noted humanists, such as Vives and Erasmus, mentioned character formation as a goal of education. The third level covered advanced grammar and composition using more difficult selections from the classics as models.At the fourth level the study of rhetoric was introduced along with a complete review of grammar and syntax to assure their mastery. These originated independently of the humanistic psychology movement and at least some of them incorporate spiritual perspectives absent from the traditional humanistic approach. CARL ROGERS AND HUMANISTIC EDUCATION (Chapter 5 in Patterson, C. H. Foundations for a Theory of Instruction and Educational Psychology. Child can reach near reality through learning by reason. The exemplars of style, of form, and the like were from classical masterpieces. The field of soka education studies took … The child is a real unit which    has real existence. Humanists are willing to take part in emerging scientific and technological discoveries in order to exercise their moral influence on these revolutions as they come about, especially in the interest of protecting the environment. Some of these include: Humanistic educators believe that both feelings and knowledge are important to the learning process. 33 1. The  “Epistemology” gives the clue to determining humanistic education aims. Education and culture were measured by one’s elegance of style, eloquence, and knowledge of classical lore. Dr. V.K.Maheshwari, M.A(Socio, Phil) B.Se. London, University of London Press Ltd. 1921. Cultural Humanism is the rational and empirical tradition that originated largely in ancient Greece and Rome, evolved throughout European history, and now constitutes a basic part of the Western approach to science, political theory, ethics, and law. Three cheers for Humanism! One does not and cannot perceive the soul, and one cannot establish its existence with the help of inference, because inference is not a valid source of knowledge.. 5. Adams, “The Educational Theory” Macmillan &Co. Broudy, Harry S., Building a Philosophy of Education. At the time the student was expected to be able to handle the most difficult pagan and Christian classics with relative ease. Likewise, this means humans have been “designed” by blind natural forces to require a healthy society in order to flourish and feel happy and content. Important humanist traditions include the great teachers and philosophical movements of Ancient China and India between three thousand and two thousand years ago; the philosophies of classical Greece and Rome, which survived in the Muslim world during the European Dark Ages and Medieval period, finally returning to Europe in the ; Renaissance and the flowering of scientific and humanist thought in the eighteenth-century. Therefore the atman or self-awareness is only the physical body with a new emerging quality. Important objectives include developing children's self-esteem, their ability to set and achieve appropriate goals, and their development toward full autonomy. Humanism cultivated a philosophy where in theology  is called “speculative metaphysics .According to the Humanists, there is no such thing as the soul. Humanists sought to create a citizenry able to speak and write with eloquence and clarity, thus capable of engaging in the civic life of their communities and persuading others to virtuous and prudent actions. Schools cannot and should not be “value-free.”, Humanism is often depicted as denying spiritual values and is accordingly “represented as discarding morality, and preaching what is reproachfully described as the principle of ‘good  and no conscience”. The student is an experiencing organism capable of using intelligence to resolve its problems. Humanism emphasizes reason and science over scripture (religious texts) and tradition, and believes that human beings are flawed but capable of improvement. For a humanist, all human beings are born with moral value, and have a responsibility to help one another live better lives. Studies also show that humanistic education can lead to fewer discipline problems, less vandalism and reduced use of illegal drugs…Such research findings do not prove that particular humanistic education methods should be used in all situation. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1957. They saw the scriptures as characterized by three faults: falsity, self-contradiction, and tautology. Act as a facilitator for group discussions when appropriate. The intellectualistic orientation of this humanistic curriculum is obvious. While there is much that we do not know, humans are responsible for what we are or will become. That began a successful effort by Aspy, Lyon, Rogers, and others to re-label it "person-centered teaching", replacing the term "humanistic education." The how of choosing, as well as the what which is chosen is a necessary ingredient of the good life. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1961. To Mrs. Pallavi Singh, for being the scribe of this article. Humanistic educators believe that both feelings and knowledge are important to the learning process. Boston : D.C.Heath & Company, 1902. New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1960. THEMES: Humanistic Philosophy & Education. More difficult selections such as Aesop’s Fables in Greek, and Cicero, Caesar, and Ovid in Latin made up the reading lists. M. Forster. Humanism metaphysics are of the faith that there is no external cause for the  elements coming together and obtaining the qualities of life and consciousness. 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